GATE2025 Electronics & Communication Engineering-EC Syllabus
Important Note for Candidates: In each of the following subjects the topics have been divided into two categories – Core Topics and Special Topics. The corresponding sections of the question paper will contain 90% of their questions on Core Topics and the remaining 10% on Special Topics.
Section 1: General Aptitude (GA) Syllabus
(Common for all, 10 Question, 15 Marks)
The General Aptitude section is a common component across all papers of the GATE 2025 examination, constituting 15 marks out of 100 for each subject. The syllabus, available on the official website, aids candidates in preparing more effectively for the GATE 2025 exam. The GATE General Aptitude (GA) Syllabus comprises four key sections:
- 1. Quantitative Aptitude
- 2. Verbal Aptitude
- 3. Analytical Aptitude
- 4. Spatial Aptitude
1. Quantitative Aptitude in the General Aptitude (GA) Syllabus covers the following topics:
- Numerical computation and estimation
- Ratios
- Percentages
- Powers
- Exponents and logarithms
- Permutations and combinations
- Series
- Mensuration and Geometry
- Elementary statistics
- Probability
2. Verbal Aptitude in General Aptitude (GA) Syllabus includes the following topics:
| Basic English Grammar | Basic Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Tenses | Words |
| Articles | Idioms and phrases |
| Prepositions | |
| Conjunctions | |
| Adjectives | |
| Verb-Noun agreement |
3. Analytical Aptitude in the General Aptitude (GA) Syllabus includes the following topics:
- • Logic: deduction and induction
- • Analogy
- • Numerical relations and reasoning
4. Spatial Aptitude in the General Aptitude (GA) Syllabus includes the following topics:
- • Transformation of shapes
- • Translation & Rotation
- • Scaling & Mirroring
- • Assembling & Grouping
- • Cutting & Paper folding pattern
- • Patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions
Section 2A: Engineering Mathematics
Linear Algebra: Vector space, basis, linear dependence and independence, matrix algebra, Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, rank, solution of linear equations - existence and uniqueness.
Calculus: Mean value theorems, theorems of integral calculus, evaluation of definite and improper integrals, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, multiple integrals, line, surface, and volume integrals, Taylor series.
Differential Equations: First-order equations (linear and nonlinear), higher-order linear differential equations, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, methods of solution using variation of parameters, complementary function and particular integral, partial differential equations, variable separable method, initial and boundary value problems.
Vector Analysis: Vectors in plane and space, vector operations, gradient, divergence, and curl, Gauss's, Green's, and Stokes’ theorems.
Complex Analysis: Analytic functions, Cauchy’s integral theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, sequences, series, convergence tests, Taylor and Laurent series, residue theorem.
Probability and Statistics: Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, combinatorial probability, probability distributions, binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, exponential distribution, normal distribution, joint and conditional probability.
Circuit analysis: Node and mesh analysis, superposition, Thevenin's theorem, Norton’s theorem, reciprocity. Sinusoidal steady state analysis: phasors, complex power, maximum power transfer. Time and frequency domain analysis of linear circuits: RL, RC and RLC circuits, solution of network equations using Laplace transform. Linear 2-port network parameters, wye-delta transformation.
Subject-1: Networks
Continuous-time signals: Fourier series and Fourier transform, sampling theorem and applications.
Discrete-time signals: DTFT, DFT, z-transform, discrete-time processing of continuous-time signals. LTI systems: definition and properties, causality, stability, impulse response, convolution, poles and zeroes, frequency response, group delay, phase delay.
Subject-3: Electronic Devices
Energy bands in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, equilibrium carrier concentration,direct and indirect band-gap semiconductors.
Carrier transport: diffusion current, drift current, mobility and resistivity, generation and recombination of carriers, Poisson and continuity equations. P-N junction, Zener diode, BJT, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED, photo diode and solar cell.
Subject-4: Analog Circuits
Diode circuits: clipping, clamping, and rectifiers.
BJT and MOSFET amplifiers: biasing, AC coupling, small signal analysis, frequency response. Current mirrors and differential amplifiers.
Op-amp circuits: Amplifiers, summers, differentiators, integrators, active filters, Schmitt triggers, and oscillators.
Subject-5: Digital Circuits
Number representations: binary, integer, and floating-point numbers.
Combinatorial circuits: Boolean algebra, minimization of functions using Boolean identities and Karnaugh map, logic gates and their static CMOS implementations, arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, decoders.
Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters, shift-registers, finite state machines, propagation delay, setup and hold time, critical path delay.
Data converters: sample and hold circuits, ADCs, and DACs.
Semiconductor memories: ROM, SRAM, DRAM.
Computer organization: Machine instructions and addressing modes, ALU, data-path and control unit, instruction pipelining.
Subject-6: Control Systems
Basic control system components; Feedback principle; Transfer function; Block diagram representation; Signal flow graph; Transient and steady-state analysis of LTI systems; Frequency response; Routh-Hurwitz and Nyquist stability criteria; Bode and root-locus plots; Lag, lead and lag-lead compensation; State variable model and solution of state equation of LTI systems.
Subject-7: Communications
Random processes: autocorrelation and power spectral density, properties of white noise, filtering of random signals through LTI systems.
Analog communications: amplitude modulation and demodulation, angle modulation and demodulation, spectra of AM and FM, superheterodyne receivers.
Information theory: entropy, mutual information, and channel capacity theorem.
Digital communications: PCM, DPCM, digital modulation schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK, QAM), bandwidth, inter-symbol interference, MAP, ML detection, matched filter receiver, SNR, and BER.
Fundamentals of error correction: Hamming codes, CRC.
Subject-8: Electromagnetics-EMFT
Maxwell's equations: differential and integral forms and their interpretation, boundary conditions, wave equation, Poynting vector.
Plane waves and properties: reflection and refraction, polarization, phase and group velocity, propagation through various media, skin depth.
Transmission lines: equations, characteristic impedance, impedance matching, impedance transformation, S-parameters, Smith chart. Rectangular and circular waveguides, light propagation in optical fibers, dipole and monopole antennas, linear antenna arrays.
